Association between Genitourinary and Congenital Heart Defects: A 52-year Case-Control Study of the Latin American Collaborative Study of Congenital Malformations (ECLAMC)

Abstract Background Congenital urological anomalies are present in 4.3/10 thousand newborns, and their association with other may increase the overall mortality disability. The study establishes risk of having congenital presenting associated cardiopathies. Methods We conducted a retrospective case-control using Latin American Collaborative Study Malformations (Estudio Colaborativo Latino Americano de Malformaciones Congénitas, ECLAMC, Spanish). analysis included all registered cases malformation from 1967 to 2019. Patients or without heart defects were for statistical analysis. Odds ratios (ORs) calculated 95% confidence interval (95% CI). compared variables Chi-squared test variance (ANOVA). was performed Statistical Package Social Sciences (IBM SPSS Statistics Windows, IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, United States) software, version 27.0. Values p < 0.05 considered statistically significant. Results A total 7,767,161 newborns evaluated, 17,834 genital upper urinary tract malformations identified. Of these, 64.2% anomalies, 35.8% abnormalities tract. Genitourinary concomitant (GU + C) observed 3.5% cases. Subjects GU C had higher number (4.59 ± 2.3) than patients (1.53 1.58) (p 0.000). OR 3.61 (range: 1.86–7.00) cloacal exstrophy, 4.01 3.14–5.12) imperforate anus, 5.52 3.92–7.78) horseshoe kidney, 13.7 6.65–28.22) trisomy 21 (Down syndrome) Conclusion is complex such as kidney. Down syndrome have highest likelihood.